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Spain

Country context

GDP per capita: 40 775 USD (2021)
Government debt: 142.5% of GDP (2021)
Population: 47.4 million (2020)
General government investment: 13.1% of GFCF (2020)
Subnational direct investment: 67.54% of general government (2019)
Infrastructure quality: 90.3/100 (2019)
Internet access: 95.9% of all households (2021)
Air and GHG emissions: 4.1t CO2 emissions/capita (2020)
Energy Transition Index: 68/100 (2021)

Source: OECD and World Economic Forum

Spain data

Long-term strategic vision for infrastructure

Fiscal sustainability, affordability, and value for money

Efficient and effective public procurement

Transparent, systematic and effective stakeholder participation

Coherent, predictable, and efficient regulatory framework

Whole-of-government approach to manage threats to integrity

Evidence-informed decision making

Strengthen critical infrastructure resilience

Ensuring asset performance throughout its life

Environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure

Consistency of country performance in each pillar

Good infrastructure governance requires improvements across different dimensions. Preferably, countries should make progress in all dimensions involved in each of the pillars. Consistency is measured using the coefficient of variation; pay particular attention to pillars with low consistency as they may require more nuanced analysis.